APPLICATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES IN MEDICINE

Abstract

Relevance. In recent decades, nanotechnology has become an essential component of modern medicine, offering new approaches to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of various diseases. Among a wide range of nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted significant attention due to their pronounced antimicrobial properties, broad spectrum of biological activity, and relatively simple synthesis. This paper reviews the main directions of silver nanoparticles application in medicine, with particular emphasis on their antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. The mechanisms of antimicrobial action of silver nanoparticles are discussed, including disruption of microbial cell membranes, generation of reactive oxygen species, inhibition of enzymatic activity, and interference with DNA replication. It is shown that the biological effectiveness of AgNPs strongly depends on their size, shape, concentration, and surface functionalization. Special attention is paid to the use of silver nanoparticles in wound dressings, medical coatings, and implantable devices, where they contribute to infection control and enhanced tissue regeneration. перспективы применения наночастиц серебра в системах доставки лекарственных средств и tissue engineering are also considered. The antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles was assessed using the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar in accordance with the guidelines specified in Order No. 729 of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic dated October 25, 2018. As a result of the conducted research, patents were granted for a method for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and a composite of zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles, as well as for a method for the fabrication of silver nanoparticle-based antibacterial bandages.

       In conclusion, the necessity for further fundamental and applied research aimed at optimizing the properties of silver nanoparticles, improving their safety profile, and developing standardized medical applications is emphasized. The available evidence confirms the high potential of silver nanoparticles as multifunctional agents in modern medicine and supports their continued investigation and clinical translation.