THE PERSISTENT SCOURGE: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL REVIEW OF TUBERCULOSIS IN THE MODERN ERA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52754/16948610_2026_2_2%20Keywords:
Comorbidities, global health, health equity, socioeconomic determinants, diagnostic paradigmsAbstract
Relevance. Tuberculosis remains one of humanity's most enduring infectious diseases, claiming over a million lives annually despite being curable with appropriate therapy. This review examines the contemporary landscape of tuberculosis through the lens of epidemiological transition, examining how global health initiatives have reshaped incidence patterns while drug resistance and comorbidities present new challenges. Drawing upon surveillance data from the World Health Organization, clinical trial outcomes, and molecular epidemiological studies, we analyze the interplay between pathogen biology, host immunity, and socioeconomic determinants that govern disease transmission and progression. The findings reveal a disease in transformation—declining in high-income regions yet persisting as a crisis of poverty and healthcare access in marginalized populations. We discuss the limitations of current diagnostic paradigms, the promise of novel therapeutic regimens, and the structural barriers that impede elimination efforts. This synthesis underscores that tuberculosis control requires not merely biomedical innovation but sustained political commitment to health equity.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Айсулуу Омурзакова , Бактыяр Абдурахманов , Гульзат Абдыкайымова , Азиза Сеитова , Гулнура Жунусбаева
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