Analysis and research of solar heating in the design of residential buildings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52754/16948645_2025_4(1)_61Keywords:
renewable energy sources; thermal efficiency; architectural solutions; thermal insulation of buildings; climatic characteristics; optimisation of building elements; seasonal adaptation of structuresAbstract
The aim of the study was to develop a mathematical model for improving the energy efficiency of residential buildings through the seasonal use of solar heating. A method for the theoretical calculation of energy-efficient houses was proposed, taking into account the geometric parameters of windows and the design features of the window roof. The conditions for the optimal placement of windows for effective capture of solar radiation during the heating season were identified. The study paid particular attention to the climatic characteristics of Kyrgyzstan, such as the duration of the heating season, the level of solar radiation and the potential for reducing the consumption of traditional energy sources. A climate analysis of the cities of Osh and Bishkek showed that even on the shortest winter days, it is possible to obtain a significant amount of solar energy, sufficient for partial or complete heating of premises. A mathematical model of heat loss has been developed, taking into account the temperature difference between the indoor and outdoor environments, as well as the heat transfer coefficient of the building envelope. This allows for an assessment of the duration of effective use of solar energy for heating. Key design parameters have been formalised, including the angle of incidence of sunlight, the length of the roof overhang, the height of the window and the geometry of the facade. Formulas for calculating the length and height of the canopy, taking into account seasonal changes in the position of the sun, have also been proposed. The article presents a roof and window layout that provides protection from overheating in summer and maximum solar energy inflow in winter. The study confirms that well-designed solar heating systems can significantly reduce the load on central heating and increase the efficiency of renewable energy use. The presented methods are applicable in the design of modern energy-efficient buildings, especially in regions with mountainous terrain and a long heating season. Thus, this study is of great importance for the practical implementation of solar heating systems capable of ensuring the sustainable and efficient use of solar energy, taking into account local climatic characteristics
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