SYNANTHROPIC BIRDS AND MAMMALS AS A FACTOR OF BIO-DAMAGE TO THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT: ANALYSIS AND WAYS OF MINIMIZATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF OSH)

Abstract

In the context of increasing urbanization, there is a growing need for comprehensive research on the impact of synanthropic animal species on the functioning and sustainability of urban ecosystems. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the taxonomic composition of synanthropic birds and mammals inhabiting the urban area of Osh, to conduct a quantitative and qualitative assessment of their bio-damaging activity, and to develop practical recommendations for mitigating their negative effects on elements of urban infrastructure. The research was conducted during 2023–2025 using line transect counts for birds and trap-night methods for small rodent-like mammals. As a result, 23 species of synanthropic birds were recorded (Columbiformes – 3 species, Apodiformes – 2 species, Passeriformes – 18 species, including families such as Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Sturnidae, Corvidae, Turdidae, Paridae, Passeridae, Fringillidae, and Emberizidae), along with 6 species of synanthropic mammals (Rodentia – 6 species, including families Gliridae, Cricetidae, Gerbillidae, and Muridae) inhabiting the city of Osh. The analysis of the bio-damaging characteristics of these synanthropic species revealed that they cause significant damage to various sectors of urban life, including agriculture, public utilities, and infrastructure. The study identified Meriones libycus, Ellobius tancrei, and Dryomys nitedula as synanthropic species previously not considered within the context of synanthropic populations, representing an important addition to ecosystem studies in urban landscapes of Kyrgyzstan. We propose methods for regulating the population of bio-damaging species, including mechanical and chemical protection measures, as well as the use of predatory birds and remotely controlled devices. The study also offers recommendations for planting mulberry trees near cherry and other fruit orchards, since birds prefer mulberry fruits, which helps reduce damage to cherries and other crops.