TRANSHUMANISM AND BIOETHICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52754/16948823_2025_1(5)_4Keywords:
transhumanism, bioethics, genetic modifications, artificial intelligence, inequality, life extension, ethics of technologyAbstract
In the 21st century, transhumanism — a philosophical and technological movement aimed at radically enhancing human nature through scientific advancements — has become the subject of intense debate in the field of bioethics. Central to this discourse are philosophical questions of personal identity, the boundaries between the human and the posthuman, as well as moral aspects of employing biotechnologies such as genetic engineering, neuroenhancement, and cybernetic augmentation. The article analyzes the key ethical challenges associated with transhumanist projects: the risk of unequal access to technologies, the potential loss of human autonomy, and the transformation of fundamental concepts of life, death, and human dignity. Particular attention is given to the differences between liberal and critical approaches to transhumanism, as well as to the prospects for ethical regulation of innovation. Thus, transhumanism emerges not only as a scientific and technological trend, but also as a challenge for contemporary philosophy and bioethics, requiring a rethinking of ethical norms and the boundaries of permissible intervention in human nature.
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