HILFSWERK INTERNATIONAL: РОЛЬ НПО НА СТЫКЕ НАУКИ, ОБЩЕСТВА И ГОСУДАРСТВА В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52754/16948688_2023_2(3)_3Ключевые слова:
НПО, развитие сельского хозяйства, продовольственная безопасность и стандартизация, поддержка МСП, развитие высшего образования, наращивание потенциала, устойчивостьАннотация
Актуальность. За последние десятилетия для международных проектов в различных секторах стали доступны различные модели, стратегии и формы финансирования. В академическом плане, и особенно в области наук об окружающей среде и устойчивом развитии, заявители проектов обычно сталкиваются с выбором между чисто научными грантами или грантами, посвященными, например, социальному или бизнес-развитию. Очень часто и как это ни парадоксально, это несоответствие приходится преодолевать уже на этапе подачи заявки на грант, поскольку многие доноры требуют четкого описания ожидаемого воздействия соответствующего проекта на другие отрасли и сферы. В этой статье мы представляем Центральноазиатскую миссию НПО Hilfswerk International и ее важную благотворную роль в реализации международных проектов между Европейским Союзом и Центральной Азией на стыке науки, общества и правительств. Режим деятельности Hilfswerk International на протяжении более 15 лет очерчен пятью последовательными проектами экономического развития CANDY I–V и основанными на них проектами Erasmus+ HECAFS и AgroDev, направленными на наращивание потенциала в системах высшего образования. Все семь проектов были сосредоточены на сельском хозяйстве и продовольственной безопасности, но образцово демонстрируют гибкий опыт Hilfswerk International, который можно адаптировать к другим важным темам ближайшего будущего, например, изменению климата, загрязнению окружающей среды, безопасностью водоснабжения и т. д.
Библиографические ссылки
Abazov, R. (1999). Economic Migration in Post-Soviet Central Asia: The Case of Kyrgyzstan. Post-Communist Economies, 1(2), 237–252. doi:10.1080/14631379996002
Batsaikhan, U., & Dabrowski, M. (2017). Central Asia — twenty-five years after the breakup of the USSR. Russian Journal of Economics, 3(3), 296–320. doi:10.1016/j.ruje.2017.09.005
CAI (Central Asia Invest) (2023). Central Asia Invest. Retrieved from URL https://eu-cai.org/
CAWG (Central Asian Working Group) (2023). Central Asian Working Group. Retrieved from URL https://ca-wg.net/
Dowling, J. M., & Wignaraja G. (2006). Central Asia after Fifteen Years of Transition: Growth, Regional Cooperation, and Policy Choices. Asian Development Bank Regional Economic Integration Working Paper, -(-), 25 p. Retrieved from URL https://www.adb.org/publications/central-asia-after-fifteen-years-transition-growth-regional-cooperation-and-policy
EC (European Commission) (2023). Capacity Building in Higher Education. Retrieved from URL https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/programme-guide/part-b/key-action-2/capacity-building-higher-education
GIZ (German Development Cooperation) (2023). Promoting effective, inclusive economic growth in Tajikistan. Retrieved from URL https://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/78041.html
GLOBALG.A.P. (Good Agricultural Practice) (2023). GLOBALG.A.P. (Good Agricultural Practice). Retrieved from URL https://www.globalgap.org/
Government of the Republic of Tajikistan (2020). Concept of creation and development of agro-industrial clusters in the Republic of Tajikistan for the period up to 2040. Political resolution, no. 566, 13 p. Retrieved from URL https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC201001/ (in Russian)
HWI (Hilfswerk International) (2023a). DIPECHO I–IV: Formation of Resilient Natural Disaster Communities in Tajikistan. Retrieved from URL https://www.hilfswerk.tj/en/dipecho-i-iv/
HWI (Hilfswerk International) (2023b). PAMIR: Poverty Alleviation by Mitigation of Integrated High-mountain Risk. Retrieved from URL https://www.hilfswerk.tj/en/pamir/
HWI (Hilfswerk International) (2023c). CANDY I: SME Support for Fruit and Vegetable Processing in Tajikistan. Retrieved from URL https://www.hilfswerk.tj/en/candy-i/
HWI (Hilfswerk International) (2023d). CANDY II: Integrated Approach towards Promoting Central Asian Nuts, Dried Fruit and Honey Processing SMEs. Retrieved from URL https://www.hilfswerk.tj/en/candy-ii/
HWI (Hilfswerk International) (2023e). CANDY III: Economic Development in Central Asia by Promotion of Processing Sector BIOs and SMEs. Retrieved from URL https://www.hilfswerk.tj/en/candy-iii/
HWI (Hilfswerk International) (2023f). CANDY IV: Advanced BPO Support Program: Specialized and Comprehensive Services for Export-Oriented SMEs in the Processing Sector. Retrieved from URL https://www.hilfswerk.tj/en/candy-iv/
HWI (Hilfswerk International) (2023g. CANDY V: Regional Integration and Capacity Building to Boost Competitiveness of MSMEs in Agribusiness and Trade Promotion in Central Asia. Retrieved from URL https://www.hilfswerk.tj/en/candy-v/
HWI (Hilfswerk International) (2023h). HECAFS: Higher Education for Central Asia Food Systems and Standards. Retrieved from URL https://www.hilfswerk.tj/en/hecafs/
HWI (Hilfswerk International) (2023i). AgroDev: Development of Higher Education Content Aimed to Support Industries for Sustainable Production of Qualitative Agri-food. Retrieved from URL https://www.hilfswerk.tj/en/agrodev/
HWI (Hilfswerk International) (2023j). CANDY-GIS. Retrieved from URL https://www.hilfswerk.tj/en/gis/
ICG (International Crisis Group) (2002). Central Asia: Water and Conflict. ICG Asia Report, 34(-), 45 p. Retrieved from URL https://reliefweb.int/report/uzbekistan/central-asia-water-and-conflict
ISO (International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee 34) (2018). ISO 22000:2018 Food safety management systems — Requirements for any organization in the food chain. ISO Standard, ed. 2, 37 p. Retrieved from URL https://www.iso.org/standard/65464.html
Janusz-Pawletta, B., & Gubaidullina, M. (2022). Transboundary Water Management in Central Asia; Legal Framework to Strengthen Interstate Cooperation and Increase Regional Security. Cahiers d’Asie Centrale, 25(-), 195–215. Retrieved from URL https://journals.openedition.org/asiecentrale/3180
Johnes, G. (2002). A Tajik story: the labour market following war and transition. Economic Systems, 26(1), 17–30. doi:10.1016/S0939-3625(02)00003-1
Khitarishvili, T. (2016). Gender inequalities in labor markets in Central Asia. United Nations Development Programme Report, -(-), 49 p. Retrieved from URL https://www.undp.org/eurasia/publications/gender-inequalities-labor-markets-central-asia
KNAU (Kyrgyz National Agrarian University) (2023). AgroDev. Retrieved from URL https://agrodev.knau.kg/en/
Kurmanalieva, G. (2018). Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: Endless Border Conflicts. L'Europe en Formation, 385(1), 121–130. doi:10.3917/eufor.385.0121
Lewis, D. (2008). Resources and Rivalry in the 'Stans. World Policy Journal, 25(3), 125–135. Retrieved from URL http://www.jstor.org/stable/40210152
Matthys, B., Sherkanov, T., Karimov, S. S., Khabirov, Z., Mostowlansky, T., Utzinger, J., & Wyss, K. (2008). History of malaria control in Tajikistan and rapid malaria appraisal in an agro-ecological setting. Malar Journal, 7(217), 11 p. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-217
NASMB (National Association of Small and Medium Businesses of Tajikistan) (2023). HECAFS. Retrieved from URL http://namsb.tj/projects/hecafs/
Our World in Data (2023a). Agricultural land use (cropland and pastures) in 2020 per country, based on FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) data under license CC BY. Retrieved from URL https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/agricultural-land
Our World in Data (2023b). Labor force employed in agriculture between 1991 and 2019 per country, based on ILO (International Labour Organization) data under license CC BY. Retrieved from URL https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-labor-force-employed-in-agriculture?time=1991
Our World in Data (2023c). Agriculture share of Gross Domestic Product in 2021 per country, based on World Bank and OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) data under license CC BY. Retrieved from URL https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/agriculture-share-gdp
Pomfret, R. (2021). Central Asian Economies: Thirty Years After Dissolution of the Soviet Union. Comparative Economic Studies, 63(-), 537–556. doi:10.1057/s41294-021-00166-z
Raissova, Z. (2020). Trends in Modern Labor Migration in Central Asia. Central Asian Bureau for Analytical Reporting, online article. Retrieved from URL https://cabar.asia/en/trends-in-modern-labor-migration-in-central-asia
Toktomushev, K. (2018). Understanding Cross-Border Conflict in Post-Soviet Central Asia: The Case of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Connections: The Quarterly Journal, 17(1), 21–41. doi:10.11610/Connections.17.1.02
United Nations (Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the Secretary-General) (Ed.) (2023). Times of crisis, times of change: Science for accelerating transformations to sustainable development. Global Sustainable Development Report 2023 (- ed., vol. -). New York, USA: United Nations. Retrieved from URL https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/FINAL%20GSDR%202023-Digital%20-110923_1.pdf
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (2023). Human Development Index and ranking for 2021/2022. Retrieved from URL https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/country-insights#/ranks
USFDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) (2023). HACCP Principles & Application Guidelines. Information presented on the webpage https://www.fda.gov/food/hazard-analysis-critical-control-point-haccp/haccp-principles-application-guidelines
Wikipedia (2023). Terroir. Retrieved from URL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terroir
WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) (2023). Geographical Indications. Retrieved from URL https://www.wipo.int/geo_indications/en/index.html
World Bank (2023a). Gross Domestic Product for 2022 per country, based on World Bank and OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) data under license CC BY 4.0. Retrieved from URL https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD
World Bank (2023b). Gross Domestic Product for 2022 per country per capita, based on World Bank and OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) data under license CC BY 4.0. Retrieved from URL https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD
World Bank (2023c). Arable land in 2021 per country, based on FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) data under license CC BY 4.0. Retrieved from URL https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.ZS?locations=OE
Загрузки
Опубликован
Версии
- 2023-12-15 (2)
- 2023-12-15 (1)
Как цитировать
Выпуск
Раздел
Лицензия
Copyright (c) 2024 Вестник Ошского государственного университета. Химия. Биология. География
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование») 4.0 Всемирная.
